Microclimate, an important part of ecology and biogeography

Research Foundation Flanders (project W001919N). Academy of Finland (grant no. 349606). Research Foundation Flanders (project 12P1819N). BiodivERsA (ASICS project (ANR-20-EBI5- 0004, BiodivERsA, BiodivClim call 2019–2020)). JC acknowledges the funding from PID2020-117636GB- C21 and TED2021-132007B-I00. PK acknowledges funding from European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agree-ment no. 864287 —THRESHOLD—ERC-2019- COG). Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR),under the framework of the young investigators' funding scheme (JCJC Grant N°ANR-19- CE32- 0005- 01: IMPRINT project). FWF Austrian Science Foundation (Lise Meitner Programme M2714-B29). BiodivClim Call 2019 (TACR SS70010001; Technology Agency of the Czech Republic). DivLand (TACR SS02030018). RVO 67985939 (Czech Academy of Sciences). Project no. 2022/45/B/ST10/03423 funded by the National Science Centrein Poland. Research Council of Norway (grant no. 315249, 274712, 244525). Independent Research Fund of Denmark (grant no. 7027- 00133B to SN). Academy of Finland Flagship funding (grant no. 337552). Saxon State Ministry for Science, Culture andTourism (SMWK)—[3-7304/35/6-2021/48880]. AgroParisTech/ Région Grand-Est joint grant 19_GE8_01020p05035. Czech Science Foundation (project 20-28119S). RVO 67985939 (Czech Academyof Sciences). FOVI 210043 and ANILLO ACONCAGUA ANID ACT 210021. Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (K.D.P. ASP035-19). Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (1221523 N). NASA FINESST (80NSSC22K1535). UPV/EHU- GV IT-1648–22 and PID2020–113244GA- C22 (funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033). Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/S007407/1. REFUGIA project (PID2021-129056OB-I00). FORMAS [project nr. 2021- 01993]. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under the frameworkof the young investigators' funding scheme (JCJC Grant N°ANR-19- CE32- 0005- 01: IMPRINT project). FLOF fellowship of the KU Leuven (project nr. 3E190655). FCT, under the transitionalrule of Decree Law 57/2016—DL57/2016/CP 1334 CT0005. Spanish Association of Terrestrial Ecology (AEET) through the programme ‘Grants for research projects led by young researchers 2019’. Formas to KH [2021- 00816]. MCI-20-PID2019-108636GA-I00 of the Spanish Research Agency. NERC Independent Research Fellowship (grant code: NE/S01537X/1). Czech Science Foundation (project 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (project RVO 67985939). ÚNKP-22- 4 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry forCulture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (ÚNKP-22- 4-II-ELTE-318). Slovak Research and Development Agency project APVV-19- 0319. Czech Science Foundation (project 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (project RVO 67985939). IntegSaatprojekt and its funders (FKZ: 2220WK65X4). Honours Programme for Future Researchers at theFriedrich-Schiller-University. Région Sud Provence-Alpes- Côte d'Azur (AAP 2020 n°02697MICROMED project). Research Foundation Flanders (project 12P1819N). BiodivERsA (ASICS project (ANR-20-EBI5- 0004, BiodivERsA, BiodivClim call 2019–2020)). ASICS project(ANR-20-EBI5- 0004, BiodivERsA, BiodivClim call 2019–2020), French Polar Institute (Project 136-SUBANTECO), ZoneAtelier CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes (ZATA ‘Antarctic’) and CNRS (IRP PRICES). Doctoral Programme in Geosciences. ANR-JCJC. SEEDFOR (ANR-21- CE32- 0003). Center for Ecological Dynamics in a NovelBiosphere (ECONOVO), funded by the Danish National ResearchFoundation (grant DNRF173). VILLUM Investigator project ‘Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World’, funded by VILLUMFONDEN (grant 16549). Research Foundation Flanders (FWO; 1S90923N). BiodivClim Call2019 (grant nr. TACR SS70010001). RVO 67985939 from the Czech Academy of Sciences. Jan Pergl. MV-Iwas supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovationthrough a doctoral grant (FPU17/05869). Czech Science Foundation (project 20-28119S). CzechAcademy of Sciences (project RVO 67985939).