Singularidá d'Asturies na Edá Media

Abstract

Entamando coles llendes históriques y una curtia referencia a los niveles protohistóricos y a la romanización, úfrese nesti trabayu un llargu análisis del devenir de la tierra que se denoma güei Principáu d’Asturies ente los sieglos vIII al xII y la so configuración, a lo llargo d’esta dómina, como espaciu singular y diferenciáu d’otros territorios de la llende. Calteniendo les sos tesis, yá conocíes, l’autor prefier esplicar los entamos de la Monarquía Asturiana alloñándose de les cróniques que tresmitieron un verdaderu «mitu d’oríxenes» sobre Asturies y la nación española y afondando más nes razones de calter social, recurriendo sobre manera a les informaciones de los estudios arqueolóxicos de más recién. Polo que se refier a los sieglos x y xI (cola corte yá en Lleón) y contra lo hasta agora diagnosticao sobro la perda d’influyencia d’Asturies, analízase qu’a lo llargo d’esos cien años que siguieron al treslláu Asturies nunca tuvo aisllada de la vida político-social de la dómina y más entá, entama a afitase n’Uviéu un grupu nobiliariu poderosu que s’atreve a organizar una especie de centru de poder alternativu frente a Lleón, con perfiles y oxetivos non siempre fácilmente oxetivables. Y polo que se refier al s. xII, les figures y aiciones del obispu D. Pelayo, el conde Gonzalo Peláez y la reina Urraca «L’asturiana» dexen plantegar que nes primeres décades del sieglu produciríase n’Asturies un verdaderu fervollar de la estayadura política carauterística d’un feudalismu camín d’afitase. En cualquier casu, l’espaciu tradicional asturianu presentará yá presenta nesti sieglu una configuración bien refecha nel universu políticu del reinu lleonés

ABSTRACT: Starting with the historical borders and a short references to the protohistorical leveles y Romanization, this paper offers a thorough analysis of the evolution of the land now known as the Principality of Asturies all along the time comprised between the 8th and the 12th century as a singular space, different from those territories beyond the borders. Holding on to his previous theories, the author prefers to explain the origins of the Asturian Monarchy moving away from the cronicles that transmitted a true ‘myth of origins’ about Asturies and the Spanish nation, while he goes deeper into the social reasons, feeding mostly on the information obtained from more recent archeological studies. As far as the 10th and 11th century are concerned (a time when the court was already in Lleón), the author takes issue with previous theses of Asturies’ loss of influence and it is analysed that during the century following the relocation of the court Asturies was never isolated from social and political life; moreover, there arose in Uviéu a powerful group of noblemen, whose profiles and objectives are not always easy to analyse objectively, who dared to organise an alternative power center challenging Lleón’s authority. Regarding the 12th century, the figure and actions of people such as Bishop D. Pelayo, Count Gonzalo Peláez and Queen Urraca (known as ‘The Asturian’) allow to posit that within the early decades of the century Asturies would have witnessed a truly swarming political life, typical of Feudalism in development. In any case, the traditional space of Asturies holds a precisely shaped configuration within the political universe of the Leonese kingdom