Phase analysis of near equiatomic bulk FeRh alloys: X-ray versus neutron diffraction and magnetization measurements
Subject:
Iron-rhodium alloys
X-ray and neutron diffraction analyses
First-order magnetoelastic transition
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Abstract:
The information obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) by impinging the X-ray beam onto the flat surface of bulk Fe–Rh alloys is contrasted with that provided by the thermomagnetic analysis curves measured under a magnetic field of 5 mT and 2 T, and the neutron diffraction (ND) patterns. The experiments were performed on slices cut from bulk Fe50Rh50 and Fe49Rh51 alloys prepared by induction melting followed by 48 h of thermal annealing at 1273 K. Whereas ND patterns and magnetization curves, directly and indirectly point out that the samples are single-phase with a CsCl-type crystal structure undergoing a magnetoelastic transition that changes the magnetic structure from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic on heating, multiple phases are identified in the XRD patterns, which modify upon polishing or etching the surface with a mixture of hydrochloric (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) at a volume ratio of 90:10 from 30 to 210 min. The limitation of XRD for accurately characterizing the phase constitution within the bulk of Fe–Rh alloys is underlined.
The information obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) by impinging the X-ray beam onto the flat surface of bulk Fe–Rh alloys is contrasted with that provided by the thermomagnetic analysis curves measured under a magnetic field of 5 mT and 2 T, and the neutron diffraction (ND) patterns. The experiments were performed on slices cut from bulk Fe50Rh50 and Fe49Rh51 alloys prepared by induction melting followed by 48 h of thermal annealing at 1273 K. Whereas ND patterns and magnetization curves, directly and indirectly point out that the samples are single-phase with a CsCl-type crystal structure undergoing a magnetoelastic transition that changes the magnetic structure from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic on heating, multiple phases are identified in the XRD patterns, which modify upon polishing or etching the surface with a mixture of hydrochloric (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) at a volume ratio of 90:10 from 30 to 210 min. The limitation of XRD for accurately characterizing the phase constitution within the bulk of Fe–Rh alloys is underlined.
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Work supported by CONAHCYT, Mexico (project No. CF-2023-I- 2143), Laboratorio Nacional de Nanociencias y Nanotecnologia (LINAN, IPICyT), Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and ERDF, UE (project number: PID2022-138256NB-C21. M.L. Arreguín-Hernández thanks DGAPA-UNAM and CONAHCYT for supporting her postdoctoral position at UNAM and Ph.D. studies at IPICyT (scholarship 861515; 2023–2020), respectively. K. Padrón-Alemán acknowledges the Institut Laue-Langevin for his PhD/CFR contract (Reference: ESP-5-2023). The authors are grateful to M. Sc. Beatriz A. Rivera Escoto for her technical support.
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