La primera traducción del llatín al asturianu: el Fueru de Lleón

Abstract

L’oxetivu principal d’esti trabayu ye analizar tolos aspeutos relativos al procesu de traducción a llingua romance d’un fueru llatinu del que la primer copia caltenida remonta al primer cuartu del sieglu XII y atópase na Catedral d’Uviéu. Del testu romance llegaron a nós tres versiones llixeramente distintes, toes elles del sieglu XIII. La comparanza d’eses tres versiones col testu llatinu dexa concluyir que son resultáu d’un únicu procesu de traducción en que’l traductor caltúvose escrupulosamente fiel al testu orixinal, pero esforzóse tamién n’afaer la sintaxis llatina al romance. Como hai ciertes diferencies ente los tres testos romances foi necesaria la revisión rigurosa de los mesmos, pa pescudar cuál de les versiones ye o representa más fielmente’l testu orixinal. De resultes d’ello concluyóse que nenguna d’elles ye la traducción orixinal, sinón que les tres copies unvien a un orixinal perdíu y propónse tamién que, de les tres versiones romances llegaes hasta nós, la del monesteriu de Benevívere ye la más cercana al que sedría’l testu de la traducción orixinal. El testu de Benevívere déxanos añadir dellos datos de tipu llingüísticu non consideraos en trabayos anteriores que taben basaos nos otros dos manuscritos (el d’El Escorial y el de la Real Academia de la Hestoria). Estos datos, fundamentalmente de tipu léxicu, abonden na caracterización como asturianu de la llingua de la traducción orixinal.

The main goal of this paper is to analyse the translation process of a Latin code of law, the so-called Fueru de Lleón, into a Romance language. The first known copy of this code, or ‘fuero’, dates back to the first quarter of the 12th century and can be found in the Cathedral of Uviéu. Three slightly different versions from the 13th century Romance language text have been preserved and their comparison with the Latin source text reveals that they result from the same translation process in which the translator was completely faithful to the Latin text, while at the same time he made efforts to adjust the Latin syntax to the Romance language form. As there are several differences between the three Romance texts, a rigorous revision was necessary to explore which one represented the source Latin text more faithfully. The analysis concluded that none of them was the original target text, and that the three of them point at a lost original text. It is also suggested that, from the three versions preserved to present times, the text from the Monastery of Benevívere is the closest one to the original translation. The Benevívere text introduces new linguistic data which were not considered in previous work and which are based on two other manuscripts (the text from the Monastery of the Escorial and the one from the Royal Academy of History). These data, mainly lexical, reinforce the idea that Asturian was the target language of the original translation.