Application of Richardson extrapolation method to the CFD simulation of vertical-axis wind turbines and analysis of the flow field

This work has been supported by the ‘FPU’ predoctoral research scholarship provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. The authors also want to acknowledge the support from the Projects ‘Desarrollo de una herramienta de diseño optimizado de perfiles aerodinámicos para su utilización en turbinas eólicas de eje vertical’ from the University Institute of Industrial Technology of Asturias, financed by the City Council of Gijón, Spain and ‘Diseño optimizado de una turbina eólica de eje vertical’ from the University of Oviedo Foundation, financed by the company AST Ingeniería and ‘Desarrollo y construcción de turbinas eólicas de eje vertical para entornos urbanos’ (ENE2017-89965-P) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness.