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Interplay between microstructure and magnetism in NiO nanoparticles: breakdown of the antiferromagnetic order

Autor(es) y otros:
Rinaldi Montes, Natalia MagdalenaAutoridad Uniovi; Gorría Korres, PedroAutoridad Uniovi; Martínez Blanco, DavidAutoridad Uniovi; Fuertes Arias, Antonio BenitoAutoridad Uniovi; Fernández Barquín, Luis; Rodríguez Fernández, Jesús; Pedro del Valle, Imanol de; Fernández Gubieda, M. L.; Alonso, J.; Olivi, Luca; Aquilanti, Giuliana; Blanco Rodríguez, Jesús ÁngelAutoridad Uniovi
Fecha de publicación:
2014
Editorial:

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Versión del editor:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03961g
Citación:
Nanoscale, 6(1), p. 457-465 (2014); doi:10.1039/c3nr03961g
Descripción física:
p. 457-465
Resumen:

The possibility of tuning the magnetic behaviour of nanostructured 3d transition metal oxides has opened up the path for extensive research activity in the nanoscale world. In this work we report on how the antiferromagnetism of a bulk material can be broken when reducing its size under a given threshold. We combined X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure and magnetic measurements in order to describe the influence of the microstructure and morphology on the magnetic behaviour of NiO nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes ranging from 2.5 to 9 nm. The present findings reveal that size effects induce surface spin frustration which competes with the expected antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, typical of bulk NiO, giving rise to a threshold size for the AFM phase to nucleate. Ni2+ magnetic moments in 2.5 nm NPs seem to be in a spin glass (SG) state, whereas larger NPs are formed by an uncompensated AFM core with a net magnetic moment surrounded by a SG shell. The coupling at the core–shell interface leads to an exchange bias effect manifested at low temperature as horizontal shifts of the hysteresis loop (∼1 kOe) and a coercivity enhancement (∼0.2 kOe).

The possibility of tuning the magnetic behaviour of nanostructured 3d transition metal oxides has opened up the path for extensive research activity in the nanoscale world. In this work we report on how the antiferromagnetism of a bulk material can be broken when reducing its size under a given threshold. We combined X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure and magnetic measurements in order to describe the influence of the microstructure and morphology on the magnetic behaviour of NiO nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes ranging from 2.5 to 9 nm. The present findings reveal that size effects induce surface spin frustration which competes with the expected antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, typical of bulk NiO, giving rise to a threshold size for the AFM phase to nucleate. Ni2+ magnetic moments in 2.5 nm NPs seem to be in a spin glass (SG) state, whereas larger NPs are formed by an uncompensated AFM core with a net magnetic moment surrounded by a SG shell. The coupling at the core–shell interface leads to an exchange bias effect manifested at low temperature as horizontal shifts of the hysteresis loop (∼1 kOe) and a coercivity enhancement (∼0.2 kOe).

URI:
http://hdl.handle.net/10651/25359
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2014/nr/c3nr03961g
ISSN:
2040-3364; 2040-3372
Identificador local:

20141220

DOI:
10.1039/c3nr03961g
Patrocinado por:

Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD) doctoral grant FPU12/03381. This work was accomplished with financial support from project MAT2011-27573-C04.

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