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A systematic review of the complex organization of human cognitive domains and their heritability

Other title:

Una revisión sistemática de la organización compleja de los dominios cognitivos humanos y su heredabilidad

Author:
Goldberg Hermo, Ximena; Lemos Giráldez, SerafínUniovi authority; Fañanás Saura, Lourdes
Publication date:
2014
Publisher version:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2012.210
Citación:
Psicothema, 26(1), p. 1-9 (2014); doi:10.7334/psicothema2012.210
Descripción física:
p. 1-9
Abstract:

Background: Models of cognition propose a hierarchical structure for human cognitive processes, in which the sequences of human action are organized into parts or subunits of analysis that can be grouped into progressively more complex, inclusive higher-order functions. This organizational structure from partial to whole may be reflected in the neural representations that underlie human behaviour, and in its genetic underpinnings. The objective of the present study was to explore a putative hierarchical organization of the genetic influences underlying cognitive domains. Method: Thirty four studies of the heritability of cognition on population-based samples were reviewed, which included measures of intelligence, verbal and performance abilities, memory, working memory and processing speed. Results: Specific cognitive domains showed diverse proportions of genetic underpinnings such that higher-order cognitive functions present high heritability estimates, whereas lower-order functions respond to small/moderate heritability estimates. Conclusions: Based on current understanding of the developmental processes of the neurobiological substrates of human cognition, the genetic contributions to cognitive abilities seem to be organized in line with the ontogenic maturation of the brain. We discuss the large genetic control of the combinatory capacity of basic cognitive functions, and its interaction with environmental influences.

Background: Models of cognition propose a hierarchical structure for human cognitive processes, in which the sequences of human action are organized into parts or subunits of analysis that can be grouped into progressively more complex, inclusive higher-order functions. This organizational structure from partial to whole may be reflected in the neural representations that underlie human behaviour, and in its genetic underpinnings. The objective of the present study was to explore a putative hierarchical organization of the genetic influences underlying cognitive domains. Method: Thirty four studies of the heritability of cognition on population-based samples were reviewed, which included measures of intelligence, verbal and performance abilities, memory, working memory and processing speed. Results: Specific cognitive domains showed diverse proportions of genetic underpinnings such that higher-order cognitive functions present high heritability estimates, whereas lower-order functions respond to small/moderate heritability estimates. Conclusions: Based on current understanding of the developmental processes of the neurobiological substrates of human cognition, the genetic contributions to cognitive abilities seem to be organized in line with the ontogenic maturation of the brain. We discuss the large genetic control of the combinatory capacity of basic cognitive functions, and its interaction with environmental influences.

URI:
http://hdl.handle.net/10651/25306
ISSN:
0214-9915; 1886-144X
Identificador local:

20141167

DOI:
10.7334/psicothema2012.210
Patrocinado por:

European Twins Study Network on Schizophrenia Research Training Network (EUTwinsS) - MRTN-CT-2006-035987; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation–SAF2008-05674-C03-01; PIM2010ERN-00642 Ministry of Science and Innovation (PIM2010ERN-00642) in frame of ERA-NET NEURON. Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Health Institute Carlos III, Center of Biomedic Research in Network of Mental Health (CIBERSAM; XG and LF G08 group, SL G05); and Marie Curie to X.G. (MRTN-CT-2006-035987).

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