Dos poemes «en idioma asturiano» del sieglu XVII: los panexíricos al Obispu Spínola de Xuan García

Abstract

Nesti artículu faise un analís lliterariu de dos poemes n’asturianu del hermanu xesuita Xuan García de Prada, maestru nel Colexu de San Matíes d’Uviéu. Los poemes son dos panexíricos escritos n’honor del Obispu d’Uviéu ente los años 1665 y 1667. Na primera parte, l’autora describe’l rodiu sociolliterariu de los testos, incidiendo especialmente nel papel desempeñáu poles xustes lliteraries y les distintes tribes de representación dramática que se daben n’Asturies na dómina. Destácase la influencia que debieron tener los villancicos de chancia y la dramaturxa profana (comedies y entremeses con personaxes rurales) na conformación de la voz narrativa y na adopción del asturianu como llingua vehicular. Na segunda parte, faise un analís lliterariu de los testos, que revela l’amiestu que fai l’autor d’elementos cultos y populares col envís de combinar la finalidá encomiástica colos efectos cómicos. Esta mestura d’influencies, xunida a la forma dialogada de los poemes, asítialos na xaceda d’Antón de Marirreguera, al mesmu tiempu qu’anticipa, por mor del usu del monólogu implícitu, el xuegu de voces narratives qu’atopamos en dellos autores asturianos del sieglu XVIII. Arriendes d’esto, nel segundu poema atópense imáxenes propies de la lliteratura cómica grotesca, que suxeren una delda cola cultura popular. Dambos poemes ufierten nicios abondos pa camentar que debieron declamase en presencia del Obispu, atestiguando la esistencia d’una lliteratura culta en llingua asturiana que debió espardese de manera oral y manuscrita. Con respectu a la llingua del poema, anque non siempre se cumple, detéctase una voluntá de perpasar los rasgos locales adaptándose a la variedá centro-norteña utilizada por Marirreguera. En tou casu, asúmese dafechu la mentalidá diglósica qu’asigna al asturianu un usu lliterariu esclusivamente cómicu, subsidiariu del castellanu

This article is a literary analysis of two poems written in Asturias by the Jesuit Xuan García de Prada, who taught at San Matías School in Oviedo. The poems are two panegyrics written in honour of the Bishop of Oviedo between the years 1665 and 1667. In the first part, the authoress describes the socioliterary environment of the texts, especially stressing the role played by the literary jousts and the various types of dramatic performance that took place in Asturias at the time. Particularly remarkable are the influence that mocking carols and profane theatre (comedies and interludes with countryside characters) had on the configuration of the narrative voice and the adoption of the Asturian language as lingua franca. In the second part, the paper provides a literary analysis of the texts, revealing that the author mixes cultured and popular elements with the aim of combining a eulogistic function with comic effects. This combination of influences, together with the dialogic form of the poems, places them in the trail of Antón de Marirreguera, while it anticipates, due to the use of the implicit monologue, the play with different narrative voices found in some Asturian authors of the 18th century. Besides, in the second poem there are images which resemble the grotesque comic literature, which suggest a debt with popular culture. Both poems offer enough hints to claim that they were likely to have been declaimed in the presence oft he Bishop, proving the existence of a written literature in Asturias that must have been transmitted through oral and handwritten forms. With respect to the language of the poem, though it is not always fulfilled, an intention to trascend the local characteristics adapting to the northern-central variety used by Antón de Marirreguera can be detected. In any case, it is assumed the diglosic mentality that assigns to the Asturian language an exclusively comic literary use, subsidiary of the Castillian.